Link State Routing (LSR) uses bandwidth and delay while Distance Vector Routing (DVR) uses hop counts to assign values to edges and values of these things can't be negative.
LSR is generally used in larger networks in which a faster and more robust algorithms are required, like Dijkstra. The main disadvantage of using Bellman-Ford algorithm in larger network is "Count to Infinity" which is caused when a router shuts down and we know that chances of this are very high in larger networks.
Dijkstra can't be used in DVR because it requires a full database of the entire topology of the network (or area). DVR protocols don't carry that. [1]
Read full article from (1) Why is Dijkstra used for link-state routing and Bellman-Ford for distance vector routing? Why not use the same? - Quora
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