ASCE1885



ASCE1885

近年来,CAP 定理已经成为分布式系统设计的基本准则之一,CAP 定理表明,任何分布式计算机系统只能同时满足一致性(Consistency),可用性(Availability)和分区容错性(Partition Tolerance)三者中的任意两个。

那么这三者的具体含义是什么呢?

一致性

  • 当数据在多个节点上分区存储时,所有节点在某个指定时间将会看到相同的数据,并且在所有时间点都应该看到相同的数据

  • 当客户端查询时,每个节点将返回最新的数据,否则系统将直接出错提示

  • 一致性的保证是通过在更新多个节点数据时,同时禁止读取数据的方式来实现的

可用性

  • 在任何时间点,对系统发起的每个请求都会产生一个有效的响应

  • 当然,这并不意味着系统的每个请求都会收到包含最新数据的响应,可用性是通过在不同服务器节点间进行数据复制实现的

分区容错性

  • 即使发生网络故障或者数据丢失,系统也能够连续运行

  • 可以通过在节点和网络集群间充分的复制数据和系统功能来实现分区容错。通过这种方式引入的冗余能够确保即使在一个或者多个节点间不能互相通信的情况下,系统整体也能够持续运行


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