九章算法-面试题总结 - Backyard of LixinZhang



九章算法-面试题总结 - Backyard of LixinZhang

有2n+1个数,其中2n个数两两成对,1个数落单,找出这个数。要求O(n)的时间复杂度,O(1)的空间复杂度。

进阶问题:如果有2n+2个数,其中有2个数落单,该怎么办?

分析

初阶:将2n+1个数异或起来,相同的数会抵消,异或的答案就是要找的数。

进阶:假设两个不同的数是a和b,并且a!=b,将2n+2个数异或起来就会得到c=a xor b,并且c不等于0。因此在c的二进制位中找到一个为1的位,可推断在这位上a和b分别为0和1,因此将2n+2个数分为该位位0的组和该位为1的组,两组中各自会包含2n'+1个数和2n''+1个数,用初阶的算法即可解决。


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