poj 3468 树状数组解法 - The time is passing - ITeye技术网站



一 算法    

    树状数组天生用来动态维护数组前缀和,其特点是每次更新一个元素的值,查询只能查数组的前缀和,

但这个题目求的是某一区间的数组和,而且要支持批量更新某一区间内元素的值,怎么办呢?实际上,

还是可以把问题转化为求数组的前缀和。

 

    首先,看更新操作update(s, t, d)把区间A[s]...A[t]都增加d,我们引入一个数组delta[i],表示

A[i]...A[n]的共同增量,n是数组的大小。那么update操作可以转化为:

1)令delta[s] = delta[s] + d,表示将A[s]...A[n]同时增加d,但这样A[t+1]...A[n]就多加了d,所以

2)再令delta[t+1] = delta[t+1] - d,表示将A[t+1]...A[n]同时减d

 

    然后来看查询操作query(s, t),求A[s]...A[t]的区间和,转化为求前缀和,设sum[i] = A[1]+...+A[i],则

                            A[s]+...+A[t] = sum[t] - sum[s-1],

那么前缀和sum[x]又如何求呢?它由两部分组成,一是数组的原始和,二是该区间内的累计增量和, 把数组A的原始

值保存在数组org中,并且delta[i]对sum[x]的贡献值为delta[i]*(x+1-i),那么

                            sum[x] = org[1]+...+org[x] + delta[1]*x + delta[2]*(x-1) + delta[3]*(x-2)+...+delta[x]*1

                                         = org[1]+...+org[x] + segma(delta[i]*(x+1-i))

                                         = segma(org[i]) + (x+1)*segma(delta[i]) - segma(delta[i]*i),1 <= i <= x

这其实就是三个数组org[i], delta[i]和delta[i]*i的前缀和,org[i]的前缀和保持不变,事先就可以求出来,delta[i]和

delta[i]*i的前缀和是不断变化的,可以用两个树状数组来维护。

 

    树状数组的解法比朴素线段树快很多,如果把long long变量改成__int64,然后用C提交的话,可以达到1047ms,

排在22名,但很奇怪,如果用long long变量,用gcc提交的话就要慢很多。

 

 

二 代码

 

C代码  收藏代码
  1. #include <stdio.h>  
  2.   
  3. #define DEBUG  
  4.   
  5. #ifdef DEBUG  
  6. #define debug(...) printf( __VA_ARGS__)   
  7. #else  
  8. #define debug(...)  

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