[Algo] Eight Puzzle Game 九宫格游戏 - SegmentFault



[Algo] Eight Puzzle Game 九宫格游戏 - SegmentFault

Eight Puzzle Game

九宫格游戏,给定最终状态如下,再给出一个初始状态,0代表空位,相邻的格子中的方块可以和0互换位置,求初始状态到最终状态的最小步数。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

A*搜索

思路

典型的A*算法应用,我们将棋盘的状态抽象为类似"123456780"的字符串,其中0代表空位,然后每3位代表一行,这时候我们从起始状态开始搜索,搜索中使用一个优先队列存放边缘节点,类似于广度优先搜索,但我们每次取出来的都是函数值最小的节点。这里函数值f(n) = g(n) + h(n),其中g(n)是到达当前节点的开销,这里也就是步数,而h(n)是指我们对这个节点计算的heuristic值,这题我们有两种可选方法计算heuristic值:

  • 判断错位的格子数量,比如拍213456780中,2和1是错位的,所以h值是2

  • 判断每个格子中数字和其目标状态的位置的曼哈顿距离之和

这里为了实现简单,我们采取第一种,但实际上第二种heuristic优化的时间可以达到一个数量级之上,因为这里第二种总是dominant第一种。


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