CSE Knowledge: /dev/null and 2>&1 Explained

CSE Knowledge: /dev/null and 2>&1 Explained

/dev/null and 2>&1 Explained

/etc/init.d/some_service > /dev/null  2>&1 

Sometimes its pretty confusing, what is the meaning of above command.

Output redirection

The greater-thans (>) in commands like these redirect the program's output somewhere. In this case, something is being redirected into /dev/null, and something is being redirected into &1.

Standard in, out, and error

There are three standard sources of input and output for a program. Standard input usually comes from the keyboard if it's an interactive program, or from another program if it's processing the other program's output. The programusually prints to standard output, and sometimes prints to standard error. These three file descriptors (you can think of them as "data pipes") are often called STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR.

Sometimes they're not named, they're numbered! The built-in numberings for them are 0, 1, and 2, in that order. By default, if you don't name or number one explicitly, you're talking about STDOUT.

Given that context, you can see the command above is redirecting standard output into /dev/null, which is a place you can dump anything you don't want (often called the bit-bucket), then redirecting standard error into standard output (you have to put an & in front of the destination when you do this).

The short explanation, therefore, is "all output from this command should be shoved into a black hole." That's one good way to make a program be really quiet!

Read full article from CSE Knowledge: /dev/null and 2>&1 Explained