如何通过编程发现Java死锁 - ImportNew



如何通过编程发现Java死锁 - ImportNew

死锁是指,两个或多个动作一直在等待其他动作完成而使得所有动作都始终处在阻塞的状态。想要在开发阶段检测到死锁是非常困难的,而想要解除死锁往往需要重新启动程序。更糟的是,死锁通常发生在负载最重的生产过程中,而想要在测试中发现它,十分不易。之所以这么说,是因为测试线程之间所有可能的交叉是不现实的。尽管出现了一些静态分析库可以帮助我们发现可能出现的死锁,我们还是有必要在运行时检测到死锁,并且得到有用的信息,以便我们解决这个问题或者重启程序,或者做些其他的事情。

在编程中使用ThreadMXBean类来检测死锁

Java 5引入了ThreadMXBean接口,它提供了多种监视线程的方法。我建议您了解所有这些方法,因为当您没使用外部工具时,它们会为您提供很多有用的操作以便您监测程序性能。这里,我们感兴趣的方法是findMonitorDeadlockedThreads,如过您使用的是Java 6,对应的方法是findDeadlockedThreads。二者的区别的是,findDeadlockedThreads还可以检测到owner locks(java.util.concurrent)引起的死锁,而findMonitorDeadlockedThreads只能检测monitor locks(例如,同步块)。由于保留老版本的方法只是出于兼容性的考虑,所以我将使用新版本的方法。在这里,编程的思想是把对死锁的周期性检测封装到一个可重用组件里,之后我们只需启动它、随它去。


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