匠心零度



匠心零度

JSR-133 内存模型使用 happens-before 的概念来阐述操作之间的内存可见性。在 JMM 中,如果一个操作执行的结果需要对另一个操作可见,那么这两个操作之间必须要存在 happens-before 关系。这里提到的两个操作既可以是在一个线程之内,也可以是在不同线程之间。

与程序员密切相关的 happens-before 规则如下:

  • 程序顺序规则:一个线程中的每个操作,happens-before 于该线程中的任意后续操作。

  • 监视器锁规则:对一个监视器的解锁,happens-before 于随后对这个监视器的加锁。

  • volatile 变量规则:对一个 volatile 域的写,happens-before 于任意后续对这个 volatile 域的读。

  • 传递性:如果 A happens-before B,且 B happens-before C,那么 A happens-before C。

注意,两个操作之间具有 happens-before 关系,并不意味着前一个操作必须要在后一个操作之前执行!happens-before 仅仅要求前一个操作(执行的结果)对后一个操作可见,且前一个操作按顺序排在第二个操作之前(the first is visible to and ordered before the second)。

其中有监视器锁规则:对一个监视器的解锁,happens-before 于随后对这个监视器的加锁。这一条,仅仅只是针对synchronized的set方法,而对于get并没有这方面的说明。

其实在这种上下文下面一个synchronized的set方法,一个普通的get方法,a线程调用set方法,b线程并不一定能对这个改变可见!


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