分支限界法(1) - 独酌逸醉 - 博客园



分支限界法(1) - 独酌逸醉 - 博客园

分支限界法与回溯法

(1)求解目标:回溯法的求解目标是找出解空间树中满足约束条件的所有解,而分支限界法的求解目标则是找出满足约束条件的一个解,或是在满足约束条件的解中找出在某种意义下的最优解
(2)搜索方式的不同:回溯法以深度优先的方式搜索解空间树,而分支限界法则以广度优先或以最小耗费优先的方式搜索解空间树。 

分支限界法的基本思想 

  分支限界法常以广度优先或以最小耗费(最大效益)优先的方式搜索问题的解空间树。
在分支限界法中,每一个活结点只有一次机会成为扩展结点。活结点一旦成为扩展结点,就一次性产生其所有儿子结点。在这些儿子结点中,导致不可行解或导致非最优解的儿子结点被舍弃,其余儿子结点被加入活结点表中。
 此后,从活结点表中取下一结点成为当前扩展结点,并重复上述结点扩展过程。这个过程一直持续到找到所需的解或活结点表为空时为止。

常见的两种分支限界法

1)队列式(FIFO)分支限界法
    按照队列先进先出(FIFO)原则选取下一个结点为扩展结点。 
2)优先队列式分支限界法
    按照优先队列中规定的优先级选取优先级最高的结点成为当前扩展结点。

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